Wednesday, April 19, 2017

Unit 2 - Step 1 - selecting users (adapting a current prototype for more effective use by EFL students) (Discovery)

Adaptation of 
How might I teach (content area) to (group of students) by using (a stage of the design thinking process) in an engaging way?

Users and Implementation scenario

How might I adapt and/or refine the current iteration of my innovation (prototype) - the digital lesson plan - so that it better supports  my current students in their EFL studies


My users
18 to 22 year old EAP (English for Academic Purposes) students with a low intermediate level of English 

Scenario
working in a traditional classroom setting with access to a computer, a digital projector (with remote control), whiteboard; students have access to a traditional textbook, mobile phone (100% of students  own a smartphone) and network connectivity (free wireless available via institution but not robust enough; most students resort to using their own data plan); online messaging utility - remind.com - used for delivery of digital handout and 24/7 communications



The Digital Lesson Plan
Description
  • a digital document (usually in pdf format) which presents the following information
    • Week, day, language focus
    • Announcements
      • given to class to note key items that they should not forget
        • may be class, department, institution in focus 
    • Objectives for today’s lesson
      • Based on course pacing schedule
    • Review 
      • review / reinforce objectives from previous class
      • present activities that address these objectives
    • New 
      • present objectives for today 
      • present activities that address these objectives
      • format
        • Heading and subheadings used
        • Cornell notes format is used (indenting) to model note taking
        • all key verbs (action words) are formatted to be in bold and red in colour  
      • hyperlinks to relevant online resources are added
        • student activities / engagement are added  
          •  
        • instructor / admin responsibilities
          • Online attendance
          • Pacing schedules
          • Key support materials (textbooks, syllabi, rubrics) 

  • Devised some years ago when both my students and I had access to a fully networked environment
    • Originally to make it easier, faster to project content and sequence of methods in class
      • text
      • Images
      • Video
.. in a desired, predetermined sequence
    • Has gone through many iterations over the years
      • Some simplification
        • No longer includes a table of contents at top with bookmarks to areas within the lesson plan (too time consuming to build each time with little return on the investment)
      • Some complexity added
        • Seeking ways to
          • Embed sound files, instructional videos, etc.
    • .. but I've never pursued prototyping that has been informed by end users (students and sometimes teachers) other than myself
  • Students are given access to the document via online messaging system (Remind.com) that supports both computer and smartphone access
    • all students have smartphones .. but not all have access to computers
    • connectivity issues 
      • Institutional wireless network is NOT robust or reliable enough
      • As a result, most students access the digital lesson plan using their own data plans (no complaints)
  • Observed student behaviour
    • Students have the digital lesson plan open while in class
      • Some use it as a reference when work has been delegated to them
        • they want access to examples (on the lesson plan or links provided to them)  


Rationale
  • Why I use / create a digital lesson plan
    • planning
      • helps with planning lessons
        • Can review and reuse past work; edit, adapt and improve upon it (ensure continuity)
        • provides me with quick access to support resources while I’m designing the lesson plan (i.e. pacing schedules, rubrics, attendance, support resources)
      • becomes a learning object for me
        • leverages my time
        • allows me to revise, reuse
        • yet ensures a standard / quality of work (every lesson plan covers the basic requirements of - announcements, objectives, methods being used to address objectives, and links to resources to support objectives; can be adapted in accordance to the general needs of students )
    • facilitates sharing / collaboration
      • Invites collaboration with another instructor (work on a lesson plan together)
      • Helps a replacement instructor when I am sick or need to be absent (quickly sent via email to temporary instructor, management, even the students - prior to the actual class)
    • In the classroom
      • Organization
        • presented to students in class via digital projection
        • saves me time on the whiteboard
          • Can supplement the projected image / text with whiteboard marker work
          • Easy to clean up (limited whiteboard use)
      • Facilitates quick and easy access to specific resources
        • Provides me with immediate access to relevant resources (links)

  • Why I think my students benefit from the digital lesson plan
    • Clarity of purpose
      • Multi modal - hear me, see it on board
      • Emphasis on main points made
    • Immediate access to resources
      • Support resources are a click away (links)
      • Can embed pictures, video, audio, web sites, links
    • Model of note taking
      • Students see me constantly modeling Cornel method of note taking
    • Support late / absent students
      • Ss can catch up on class objectives, activities via the lesson plan
    • Support learning / studying
      • Ss can use the lesson plan as a study tool to complete assignments (access to models, examples), preparation for exams
      • Ss can adapt the lesson plan to include notes, links of their own  (resources that they find interesting, useful to support their learning)

Current prototype
  • What specific elements of this solution do you like? Why?
    • saves me time
      • immediate access to planning resources
      • reusable
      • reflects my values (openness, transparency, clarity of purpose)  
  • What specific elements of this solution do you dislike? Why?
    • text rich
      • needs to be more multi modal so it reaches all students
    • takes time to build up a body of work that can be re-used
    • may discourage creativity , spontaneity
    • May be hemming me into one form of pedagogy that is more teacher / content centered
  • Would you consider using this solution? Why or why not?
    • continue to use the solution
      • Benefits (organization, transparency) outweigh costs (time)
  • What do you find intuitive about this solution versus confusing?
      • Clear purpose
      • Provides a natural framework for designing lessons  
  • How might you improve this solution idea?
    • Invite student collaboration in ways to enrich the lesson plan  
      • addition of examples, multimedia examples that they found useful
        • Adapt the process for delivery via a wiki (?)
    • Get more feedback from students
      • on how it is useful to them
      • Current problems being faced by students (how the strategy can help with that)
  • What facets of the solution do you want to know more about?
      • How students use it
      • How useful it is to students
      • How it can be more useful to students



Tips on INTERVIEW PROCESS
  • Begin by sharing the problem you identified from the user interview.
    • Rationale for using the approach
      • Saves me time
      • Makes lesson purpose clear
      • Gives student
        • Clear idea of the purpose of class
        • access to everything in class … and outside of class
  • Next, explain that you’ve created a prototype, or first draft, of a solution idea. You are seeking honest, constructive feedback on this draft so you can improve it. Remind them that they are a partner in this design process.
      • Inviting them to partner with me on how to improve this product
  • Give your prototype to the user. Allow your user to examine your prototype at their own pace and, ideally, without interruptions (2-3 minutes). As they engage with the prototype, record their reactions and questions. You may be tempted to explain your design decisions at this point, but try not to.
      • Invite their review of
        • a printed example
        • My rationale
          • My focus
          • Student focus

  • Take 1 minute to describe your solution idea in a little more detail, only after the participant has had a chance to examine it. Ensure your user has a basic understanding of your solution idea. Avoid going into every facet of the design.
      • Describe in more detail .. but keep it simple
  • Ask your user prepared feedback questions and take notes.


INTERVIEW PROCESS - QUESTIONS
Learning English
  • What makes learning English in the classroom most difficult?
  • What do you constantly struggle with when learning English?
  • What mode of english is most difficult - reading, writing, listening, speaking
  • What do you do to study outside of class
  • What do you wish you had more of / less of to help you study and improve your English

The lesson plan concept  
  • What was your reaction the first time you saw the digital lesson plan
  • How often do you use it
  • When do you use it outside of class
  • Where do you use it outside of class - on phone .. on computer .. with friends .. with family?
  • Why do you use it .. most of the time
  • What is most useful about it
  • What do you wish could be there but isn’t

The design format
  • Is it clear
  • What do you like or appreciate about it
  • What could be done to make it clearer to you
  • How could it be improved to help you with your studies
  • Links to other resources

The content
Links to attendance, assessment sheets, listening resources
  • How often do you use them
  • How useful are they
  • What.. do you wish could be there but isn’t


INTERVIEW PROCESS - RESPONSES
  • Focus group with 4 female students in one of my classes - 19 April 2017
  • What do you wish you had more of / less of to help you study and improve your English
  • Practice with Vocabulary word forms - these are difficult to learn / know
  • Writing - so many elements to do at the same time
  • Read and speak more
  • Review the grammar more often
  • Include exercises .. and then links to answers (self directed studies)

  • What was your reaction the first time you saw the digital lesson plan
    • At first we did not understand what it means or what it was used for
    • Completely new to them
    • Good idea
    • Helps remind us of what we do or did in class
  • When do you use it outside of class
    • Yes
    • How? To refer to it for (Study Skills / Research) Project
      • reminds us of what we need to do (many details) & how
      • practice new vocabulary
    • Using it mostly on the phone (during and outside of class)
      • Sometimes on computer
      • Can be used on the phone (no hesitation in response)
      • Often copying the link(s) and sending / sharing them with friends in other classes (unsolicited response)
  • Which parts of the digital lesson plan do you use the most?
    • Announcements (immediate response, without hesitation)
      • What do we need to do today
      • What might we forget to do .. and it reminds us
    • Writing class
      • References to grammar
      • Request for more
        • Examples
        • Rules
  • Is there anything else that you would like to see there but is not there now?
    • links to practice exercises
    • Video
      • Could be used to introduce a reading / writing topic
    • Games between boys and girls
      • Competition (yet cultural issues here; needs clarification)
        • With technology “we” can work in groups (needs to be clarified - examples .. past experience of the girls? But I sense it refers to them being divided into groups based on gender (permissable)  

Overall tone of students?
  • Very positive, very supportive
  • Realized once again of the importance of creating a supportive, non threatening environment, that encourages students to open up. Quality of feedback reflects this.

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